Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Does race/ethnicity matter? Findings from the MESA cohort

Background and aimsLow serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in studies of mainly white participants. Significant racial/ethnic differences exist in serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD prevalence questioning extending this association to other racial/ethnic groups. We tested whether the association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD vary by race/ethnicity.Methods and resultsThis was a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) that included 3484 participants (44% male; 38.4% Whites, 27.8% African-Americans, 23.5% Hispanics, and 10.3% Chinese-Americans) who had serum 25(OH)D and upper abdominal CT images available at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. NAFLD was identified if liver-to-spleen Hounsfield-Unit ratio was <1. Whites had the highest 25(OH)D level and African-Americans had the lowest level (mean ± SD: 29.5 ± 10.4 vs.19.9 ± 9.1, respectively). Six hundred and eleven (17.5%) participants had NAFLD; Hispanics had the highest prevalence (26.2%) followed by Chinese-Americans (19.8%), Whites (15.8%) and African-Americans (11.7%), P < 0.0001. In adjusted model, the association of 25(OH)D with NAFLD differed by race/ethnicity (P < 0.0001). Negative association was only evident in Causations (OR (95% CI):1.23 (1.03, 1.47) per 1 SD lower serum 25(OH)D). For other racial/ethnic groups, BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking, but not serum 25(OH)D, were common independent risk factors for NAFLD.ConclusionsThe negative association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD in Whites may not be broadly generalizable to other racial/ethnic groups. Modifiable risk factors including BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking associate with NAFLD risk in non-white racial/ethnic groups beyond 25(OH)D.     

UPJO手术中双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素分析

目的分析肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)患儿双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素,为选择合适的治疗方法提供依据。方法回顾性收集山西省儿童医院2012年6月至2017年9月因UPJO行离断性肾盂输尿管再吻合术的96例患儿作为研究对象,年龄3个月至12岁,男78例,女18例。左侧60例,右侧23例,双侧13例。依据术中双J管置入成功与否分为成功组(n=74)和失败组(n=22)。结果失败组和成功组输尿管远端狭窄的比例分别是8/22(36.4%)和0/74(0.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.350,P<0.001)。失败组与成功组合并对侧肾积水的比例分别为7/22(31.8%)和7/74(9.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.648,P=0.010)。泌尿系统感染史、输尿管操作史、合并肾发育不良和腹痛史在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双J管通过受阻时要考虑输尿管膀胱交界处狭窄,UPJO合并对侧肾积水预示着双J管置入失败的概率增大,治疗上宜选择传统的肾造瘘术。     

护理安全风险管理防御机制在手术室护理管理中的应用

目的分析护理风险安全管理防御机制在手术室护理管理中的应用效果。方法将于2018年4月-2019年5月在该院接受手术治疗的50例患者作为该次实验的研究对象,将其分为对照组和观察组,每组随机分配25例患者,并给予对照组患者常规手术室护理管理方式,观察组与之不同,采用护理安全风险管理防御机制,对比两组患者在护理过程中的风险发生情况及护理人员对风险管理的认知程度评分。结果据该次实验来看,采用护理风险安全管理防御机制的观察组,出现1例记录差错,风险发生率为(4%),护理人员的风险管理认知评分为(25.39±0.48)分,风险意识评分(23.99±1.02)分,风险管理行为(24.17±1.26)分,风险管理态度(22.92±0.73)分;而采用常规手术室护理管理的对照组,出现2例记录差错,1例切口感染,1例投诉纠纷,风险发生率为(16%),护理人员的风险管理认知、风险意识、风险管理行为、风险管理态度评分分别为(16.85±0.28)分、(17.03±0.84)分、(16.52±0.74)分、(15.92±1.14)分。组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对需要接受手术治疗的患者采用护理风险安全管理防御机制可以有效提高护理安全性,降低风险发生率。     

Aluminium in infant foods: Total content,effect of in vitro digestion on bioaccessible fraction and preliminary exposure assessment

The objective of this study was to determine the total concentration and bioaccessible fraction of aluminium (Al) in 95 different baby food samples and estimate the exposure assessment. Total Al content was determined following oxidative microwave digestion by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. An in vitro digestionmethod was optimized to evaluate the bioaccessible fraction. Total concentration and bioaccessibility varied according to the sample composition (saltypurees, fruit purees, infant drinks and petitsuisse). Petit suisse, soy-based drink and salty puree samples presented the highest total Al concentrations of 4170 μg kg⁻¹, 2860 μg kg⁻¹ and 2760 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Bioaccessiblefraction varied from 0.5%–48% according to their composition.Exposure to Al was estimated and compared with the tolerable weekly intakes currently established. The results showed that the consumption of 3 portions/day of soy-based drink along the week could represent a concern.     

量化分级模式在呼吸内科风险管理中的应用评价

目的研究量化分级模式在呼吸内科护理工作中的应用效果。方法回顾性整理该院中2016年6月-2017年12月间呼吸内科收治的患者临床数据,随机挑选出100例患者进行实验,选择2016年6月-2017年4月间的50例患者作为对照组,2017年5-12月的50例患者作为实验组,从2017年5月开始实施量化分级模式,对两组患者对护理人员的护理质量评分进行对比。结果该次研究成果显示,对照组患者的护理质量评分低于实验组,实验组护理人员在与患者沟通时,其服务态度优于对照组,并且在执行各项护理操作流程时,流程评分较对照组同时也更高,各数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在呼吸内科的日常护理中应用量化分级模式,有助于减少护理风险事件发生率,护理质量也能得到提升,改善护患之间的关系,具有良好的应用价值。     

探讨绝经过渡期、育龄子宫肌瘤患者异常阴道出血相关因素分析

目的: 探讨育龄、绝经过渡期子宫肌瘤患者异常阴道出血危险因素，为异常阴道出血临床精准诊断、治疗提供理论依据。方法： 选取2017年06月—2020年06月于内蒙古医科大学附属医院住院行手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者。实验组设为非月经期异常阴道出血的子宫肌瘤患者，对照组为无异常阴道流血子宫肌瘤患者。根据第9版教科书年龄18-43岁定为育龄组；44-54岁定为绝经过渡期组（我国妇女平均绝经年龄为49.5岁，80%在44-54岁之间〔1〕）。 应用Excel双录入，核对无误后进行统计分析。计数资料的比较用R×C列联表卡方检验、四格表卡方检验及两独立样本秩和检验。非条件Logistic回归模型用于子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血危险因素的分析，并分别得到OR值与相应95%的可信区间。在此模型中，OR值＞1认为是危险因素，OR值＜1认为是保护因素。统计学显著性水平设定为双侧p≤0.05，即认为差异有统计学意义。全部统计分析选用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：1.将与子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血相关的33项临床指标纳入单因素分析得出，月经周期异常、肌瘤位置（子宫颈肌瘤）、肌瘤直径≥9cm、血红蛋白异常、子宫内膜癌、核分裂像＞5个差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05），均是子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的危险因素；2.子宫肌瘤异常阴道出血核分裂像＞5个与子宫内膜病理性改变和异常阴道出血差异有统计学意义（P=0.019）。结论：1. 子宫内膜发生病理改变是子宫肌瘤患者引起异常阴道出血的原因之一。2.月经周期异常、子宫颈肌瘤、肌瘤直径≥9cm、血红蛋白异常、子宫内膜病理改变均是子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的危险因素；子宫肌瘤核分裂像＞5个是子宫平滑肌瘤出现异常阴道出血的独立高危因素；3.子宫肌瘤核分裂像＞5与阴道出血、子宫内膜病理改变有统计学意义。进行单因素分析后得知，月经周期、肌瘤位置、肌瘤大小、血红蛋白、子宫内膜病理变化均子宫肌瘤阴道异常出血的发生有关。 关键词育龄；绝经过渡期；子宫平滑肌瘤；异常阴道出血；危险因素     

Durée d’isolement et levée de la mesure ; étude de l’influence des facteurs anamnestiques et institutionnels

IntroductionIn France, the use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals is regulated by the Act of January 26th 2016 which enforces a reduction of the use of coercive measures and limiting their duration. Criteria that are unrelated to the patient's symptoms might affect this decision and extend the duration of seclusion. The goal of the current observational study is, firstly, to determine which factors - unrelated to the patient's symptoms - influence the length of stay in seclusion. Secondly, it is to compare the composition of the medical and nursing teams at two times, the beginning and the end of the seclusion time period.MethodWe conducted this study in a La Rochelle regional hospital from October 2017 to July 2018. There were one hundred and twenty-four episodes of seclusion that occurred in the different psychiatric inpatient wards during this time. The episodes were divided into two groups: short-term and long-term seclusion, defined by the median duration of seclusion. Data were collected using a survey, completed by the nursing teams, based on the recommendations of good clinical practice published in 1998 and revised in 2017 by the French health authority. For each episode of seclusion, we collected the following data: socio-demographic information, history of psychiatric care of the patient and of violent acting-out, admission status, medical indication for seclusion, day of the week and time at the beginning and the end of seclusion, prior administration of a sedative before seclusion, exceptional events that might justify the end of seclusion, transfer to a protected room after seclusion, as well as the composition of the medical and nursing team on duty at the beginning and the end of the seclusion period. We compared the anamnesis between the short-term and the long-term seclusion groups, and we analyzed the composition of the medical and nursing teams at the two time points of seclusion. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (v. 3.5.1).ResultsThe mean duration of seclusion was 4.7 days and the median was 1.9 days. The average age was 37-years-old, with a ratio of 0.6 for females to males. Variables associated with a long-duration of seclusion were: the male gender (P = 0.005), Compulsory Admission at the Request of a State Representative (P = 0.008), a prevention measure of any hetero-aggressive action (P = 0.007), the lack of psychiatric care (P = 0.004), previous medico-legal issues (P = 0.006), violent behavior during a previous hospitalization (P = 0.022) and the use of seclusion on the weekend (P = 0.01). The composition of the medical and nursing teams related to the period of the end of seclusion were: the presence of the physician in charge of the patient (P < 0.001), a male caregiver in the team (P < 0.001), a specialized psychiatric nurse (P < 0.001) and the training of caregivers in the management of violence (P < 0.001). The presence of nurses who do not usually work in the psychiatric ward was associated with the period of the beginning of seclusion (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings showed a strong relationship between several anamnestic factors and the duration of seclusion. Caregivers lacking information about patients, potential violent behaviors and the beginnings of seclusion on weekends are associated with a long-duration of seclusion. Our study also highlights the roles played by the caregivers according to their composition and level of training to determine the ending of patient's seclusion.     

深圳地区HBV核酸检测反应性献血者两种归队模式风险评估研究

目的评估HBV核酸检测反应性献血者归队风险,为采供血机构制定献血者归队策略提供依据。方法对ELISA双试剂无反应性、HBV核酸检测反应性献血者进行跟踪检测。每次间隔3个月以上,两次直接静脉采样。归队后再跟踪两次以上献血检测结果。两家血站分别按无门槛自愿原则与增加献血10次以上要求进行采样,并对两种模式归队结果进行比对。结果无门槛自愿归队模式归队前检测3例酶免检测阴转阳(15.79%);增加献血次数门槛归队模式归队成功率88.46%;两种归队模式成功归队后再次出现不合格情况分别为20.00%、13.04%,统计无差异,但归队后人均年献血次数有较大差别。结论酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽献血者无门槛归队模式存在窗口期感染风险。建议将多次献血或固定献血、首次出现酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽的献血者列入归队目标人群。仅以HBsAg+HBV DNA作为HBV核酸检测反应性献血者的归队评价指标存在较大风险,应考虑增加化学发光法等补充试验。